A to Z Bayes - Part 1: The Basics

Back in the days when neither of us were born, science was a pioneering concept destined to take humanity from the shore of darkness to light. The selling point was repeatability of experiments. Careful reproduction of experiments ensured that a lot of falsifiable theories stayed false. But, the method falls flat when there is an unfalsifiable hypothesis in picture. Science can never prove a hypothesis right, it can only prove it wrong. The ignorant - armed with this fact - use science to say:

"Evolution is just a theory. It could be God as well and you can't prove me wrong!".

If everything is 'just a theory' then which one is the right theory?

Using the scientific method meant only one thing. The wrong will be disproved. And the hope is that if a right theory springs up it will explain nature until there comes an observation which cannot be explained (consider, Newton's laws for example - While it lasted for centuries, unchallenged, it could never explain what theory of relativity could predict). And in science that means we discard the wrong and embrace the new/temporary right theory. Evidendtly, there is a big issue that cannot be dealt with using the scientific method - multiple hypotheses which fit the data. In other words, smart-asses who come up with all sorts of theories which can't be proved wrong.